Sandra Stein

About Sandra Stein

Sandra Kovacs Stein was born in Calcutta, India, grew up in the Dominican Republic, and went to school in Canada, where she planned to settle after getting her Master’s degree in Speech Pathology and Audiology. Instead, she fell in love with an American and moved to Queens, New York after they married. Stein has experienced many unexpected twists and turns in her life, which have taught her to be adaptable and open to trying new things. She has enjoyed a variety of work experiences, including speech pathologist/audiologist, computer programmer, technical writer, abstractor, and transcriptionist. With the advent of digital photography, she became an avid photographer of nature and wildlife, and has used some of her photos to author several children’s picture books. Stein lives in northern Virginia, close to her daughter, three of her seven grandchildren, and four of her six great-grandchildren.

Chronic Alcohol Use: The Risks of Drinking Too Much

2026-01-21T12:18:52+00:00January 21st, 2026|Chemical Dependency, Featured, Individual Counseling, Men’s Issues, Women’s Issues|

Chronic alcohol use does not necessarily make you an alcoholic, according to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Nor does it always lead to addiction. Nevertheless, it can harm you in many ways, both physically and mentally, cause damage to your brain and other organs, and create social problems. In addition, chronic alcohol use can lead to a condition known as tolerance, in which it takes more and more alcohol to produce the same effects. Your body may begin to rely on alcohol to be able to function, increasing your risk of developing alcohol use disorder. How Chronic Alcohol Use Can Affect Your Body Liver Damage Alcohol is a toxin that gets flushed out by your liver, but when you regularly drink large quantities of it, your liver may not be able to keep up. Long-term heavy use of alcohol can kill liver cells and lead to cirrhosis, which is the result of scarring, as well as fatty liver disease, which prevents your liver from working the way it should. Cardiovascular Issues Chronic alcohol use can increase the risk of high cholesterol and blood clots. It can also make it harder for blood to get pumped to your heart, which can result in heart disease and problems such as irregular heartbeat, high blood pressure, and stroke. Brain and Nervous System Chronic alcohol use can disrupt your brain’s communication pathways, making it harder for you to think and speak clearly. It can also affect your memory and your ability to move in a coordinated way. Pancreas Excessive use of alcohol can cause your pancreas to produce toxins that lead to pancreatitis and impair its ability to produce the necessary enzymes and hormones for proper digestion. Cancer Alcohol is a known chemical carcinogen. Chronic alcohol use can damage the cells [...]

Bipolar Schizophrenia Versus Schizoaffective Disorder

2025-03-11T17:18:35+00:00December 10th, 2024|Bipolar Disorder, Featured, Individual Counseling|

Is bipolar schizophrenia a thing? The answer is yes and no. Bipolar disorder is characterized by extreme shifts in mood, energy level, and thinking, whereas schizophrenia causes a person to lose touch with reality. They are two separate and distinct mental health conditions, and the diagnosis of one typically excludes the other. However, there are rare cases where a person exhibits symptoms of both schizophrenia and bipolar disorder at the same time. When that happens, however, it is not diagnosed as bipolar schizophrenia, but rather as bipolar schizoaffective disorder. What is schizoaffective disorder? Schizoaffective disorder is an uncommon, chronic, mental health condition that dramatically affects the way a person thinks and copes with his or her day-to-day life. It is characterized by a mix of schizophrenic symptoms such as delusions, hallucinations, and disorganized thinking, combined with either bipolar mania or depression (schizoaffective disorder bipolar type), or a major depressive disorder (schizoaffective disorder, depressive type). Because the condition is so rare, getting the right diagnosis can be challenging. Schizoaffective disorder is one of the most frequently misdiagnosed psychiatric disorders in clinical practice and is often misidentified as schizophrenia or bipolar disorder. Valencia Christian Counseling provides guidance and support for those navigating complex mental health conditions. How is bipolar schizoaffective disorder diagnosed? There are two steps to diagnosing bipolar schizoaffective disorder. The first one is a medical evaluation to rule out any other physical or neurological condition that might be causing the symptoms. The other focuses on the diagnostic criteria of the disorder. According to the American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5-TR), for a person to be diagnosed with schizoaffective disorder bipolar type, he or she needs to meet the following criteria. The person must have an uninterrupted period of illness during which he or she [...]

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